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04.09.2010 05:46

Q&A

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Dear Friends, Here bellow you can ask your questions which will be answered briefly by our TECHNOLOGICAL consultant, Mr. Frank Pantzaris, a well known expert and consultant in tropical oils based in England.

You can ask ONLY TECHNOLOGICAL general questions that can be easy to answer (something like FAQ). Please do not ask questions about prices and companies. All questions pls send to info@palmoil.com with a mark "Q&A".

"I am taking this opportunity to request all people who ask me questions to help me, if possible, by telling me something about their background and country so that I might phrase my answers accordingly. For example, students, technologists and traders need a different kind of explanation. Regards, FP."

871	Wish to know if there is a standard specification for fertilizers applicable to oil palms. How much fertilizer is required for an acre or hectare of oil palm. Thank you for your assistance!	Allan
Dear Mr Allan, The best fertiliser formula is the one that suits the soil of the plantation and the condition of the trees. Plantation companies monitor their annual yields in relation to fertiliser composition and decide accordingly. Regards, FP (25.08.2010)
870	Dear sir, Please could you answer these 2 questions acurately. How much in pound sterling is one tonne of fresh fruit bunch of palm oil fruit in east kalimantan, borneo? How many tonne of fresh fruit bunch of palm oil fruit should 1 hectare of land in east kalimantan ,borneo produce in 1 year. thanks	colin barrett
Dear Mr Barrett, 1) I regret this question is on prices and not allowed. See top of this page.2) Assisting in the destruction of the jungle in Kalimantan is not in the best interest of the palm oil industry, or of the indigenous people there and we should not be assisting it. Regards, FP (19.08.2010)
867	Can you pls advise the test method followed for analysis of Palm Acid Oil for FFA, M&I and TFM?	Arun
Dear Mr Arun, I can supply them to you by post. For details and prices please contact me privately. Regards, FP (25.08.2010)
866	Sir, i would really apppreciate your help if you can guide me any of the experts who can tell us whats the best time to buy or sell... cos sitting in different country and to work on the basis of malaysia it really becomes difficult to do business in palmoil. If you know any business strategy in it or any experts websites., I would be more than thankful to you. Regards	Mihir
Dear Mr Mihir, I am sorry I do not know of such websites or individuals. Why would any one offer this service for free? But all the big traders advise their customers when to buy etc and you can use them. Regards, FP (25.08.2010)
865	Dear Mr. Frank, Thank you for your kind answer to my question (#844). Regarding your observations, we are trying to use hygienised human urine to fertilise the oil-palms. This liquid has been widely used in other farm projects around the world as source of ammonia for plants. We are "composting" this matter following the Ecological Sanitation (ecosan) approach. The ultimate objective of this project is to dispose off the human excreta in a more hygienic and environmentally friendly manner instead of disposing it into water bodies and open spaces. The biodiesel is intended to be employed in farming machinery, trucks and electric generators. Regarding your answer, you mention that PO is suitable for biodiesel production, but I would like to be sure that Crude Palm Oil can be used as well to produce biodiesel without any previous refinement. Thank you very much for your valuable help.	Francisco Martinez
Dear Mr Martinez, There are definitely biodiesel processes using CPO feed stock, but they need additional plant, use more catalyst and have more problems with emulsions etc and in the end, in my opinion, are no more economic than processes using RBDPO. Also bear in mind that biodiesel plants want the flexibility to use any feed stock (oil) and not just CPO. Regards, FP (25.08.2010)
861	Dear Mr. Pantzaris, my question is in relation to your answer for question 840. As liquid expands at 50C, does it mean CPO has to attain that temperature level in order to get it's accurate volume/quantity before shipment?	Raphael Osioh
Dear Mr Osioh, Your understanding is correct. The density of oils depends on their temperature and there is a different value for each temperature. The difference is small, but oil bulking installations and surveyors loading and unloading ships, use such tables. For smaller loads such as in road transport the carriers go over weigh bridges. Regards, FP (25.08.2010)
860	Hi Frank, I am planning to introduce the use of compost to those Oil Palm estates. The problem seemed to be the emphasis of NPK which is in line with the chemical or inorganic fertilizer regime. Unfortunately the use of compost on Oil Palm trees seemed to be a different regime where the compost is supposed to enrich the soil and there bring about the healthy plant growth. In your opinion do you see compost could replace the dependence on chemical fertilizers, particularly urea.	Gepps
Dear Mr Gepps, Compost may be sufficient for vegetables and flowers but cannot realistically provide the nutrients in the amounts required by high producing fruit trees like palm. You better do what the big plantation companies do. Rely on NPK and add the compost to improve the soil and provide a little extra nutrients. Regards, FP (25.08.2010)
858	Hi, I want to establish project of industrilization of soya bean oil & meals, capacity 1500MTon per day, 1. i want to advice me about the special co. which manufacture the machines of this project, 2. prelininary feasibility study about the project, 3. scientific info. concerning the soya bean seeds, how much producing oil & meals, what about the price range of seeds per ton, 4. what about the technolohy which used in the extraction of the oil? 5. detailed info.about the project6. which are the countries can produce the soya bean seeds? 7. can we installe the project in humidity area for eg.near sea port like basrah seaport in iraq, or in hot climatic town?	Dr.Alssenaid
Dear Dr. Alssenaid, Yours is a very big project and as you can appreciate I can only assist you on a private consultation basis. The problem is I am very busy now, but I shall give the matter some thought and contact you again, soon. Regars, FP (25.08.2010)
856	(1) Could you please tell me the difference among CPO, CPL, RBD Palm Olein and RBD Palm Olein and their price at Malaysia per metric ton? (2) What is the process loss during production of super palm olein from CPO, CPL, RBD Palm Oil and RBD Palm Olein?	Asad
Dear Mr Asad, CPO is crude palm oil, CPL is crude palm olein. RBD means refined, bleached and deodorised. Outside Africa only RBD oils from palm are acceptable by consumers. Fractionation has no process loss, but refining, bleaching and deodorisation do have losses depending on the FFA of the oil, and plant design. Regards FP (25.08.2010)
854	Dear Mr. Pantzaris, 1) What is the difference between the transesterification process as compared to the neutralization and deodorization process? 2) Can you kindly explain briefly on what are the major operating variables of the neutralization and deodorization process of crude palm oil (CPO) and how can the process be controlled to operate efficiently for removal of free fatty acids and odour? I hope that you can assist me. Thank you so much.	Katrina
Dear Ms Katrina, 1) Transesterification is the reaction used to produce biodiesel. The alcohol (glycerol) naturally present in the triglycerides is replaced by another alcohol, viz. methanol. A new chemical is formed. 2) Neutralisation and deodorisation are purifying processes for removing fatty acids, odour compounds, gums etc The controlling variables need much longer to explain and you will have to consult a good book. Regards, Frank (25.08.2010)
852	Dear Sir, What is difference between PKLFA C-8/C10 and PKLFA C-10/12 with respect to their useage in manufacturing handmade washing soap? Also can it be use in place of PFAD.	PAWAN KEJRIWAL
Dear Katrina, Your questions require very long answers and I have to be be very brief on each of your topics. Oils are trigycerides and interesterification rearranges the 3 fatty acids on the molecules in a random pattern. A new oil formed with different physical properties (SFC, MP, Cloud Pt etc.) Neutralisation and deodorisation remove impurities and make the oil more acceptable for consumption. Your other questions need far more space and I would also need to know the type of process you are using. The Malaysian Palm Oil Board could send you some free booklets. Regards, FP (25.08.2010)
851	I'm from Malaysia. I'd would like to ask,what cause palm stearin color hiigher than palm olein?	px
Dear Mr PX, This is an interesting question. RBD palm stearin from Malaysia/ Indonesia has the same colour specification as RBD palm olein, but the refiners have more problems with it in meeting those limits. Also even when it starts with the same colour, it deteriorates more quickly. This is rather surprising given the fact that it is more saturated and so should keep better. Some experimental data I have from my earlier days suggest that the trace metals present in the PO feed stock concentrate in the stearin during fractionation, but more experiments are needed. If you are a student and will one day be looking for a research project, this is a good one. Regards, FP (10.08.2010)
850	What animals are particularly affected by palm oil plantation?	michaela
Dear Ms Michaela, If the plantation is on jungle land, then practically all the wild animals and plants that lived there will lose their habitat and die. The orangutan is most often mentioned in connection with palm oil plantations because it is a gentle, intelligent, lovable animal, one of our closest relatives, now only lives in Indonesia and Malaysia, there are few of them left and is in critical danger of extinction. Regards, FP (09.08.2010)
849	Dear Sir, I provide consulting services for a consumer goods company marketing soaps in India, I would like to know if it is possible to sub-contract soap noodle/stearic acid manufacture (main ingredients in soaps) to a 3rd party who makes soaps. And simultaneously fix the import prices from malaysia for Palm/Soya oil? This ways we shall have a better control over the input oil costs. Grateful if you could suggest some experts who can help us on the price-tracking of Soya/Palm oil prices. Also, do you know of anyone who is following this model in India. Thanks.	Sandilya
Dear Mr Sandilya, 1) I think it is quite possible to subcontract soap manufacture and buy a few months ahead, if you are a big buyer and make it worth while to the seller 2) Prices for PO and SBO are available on this webside to those who subscribe The others are not serious. 3) I cannot tell you anything about what other companies are doing. Regards, FP (08.08.2010)
848	What factor that makes the Free Fatty Acid (FFA) of crude palm oil (CPO) increased above and below 5% (standard range).	hafizgoji
Dear Mr Hafizgoji, The increase in the FFA of CPO in storage is due to hydrolysis which splits the glycerides into FFA and glycerol. The main factors involved are moisture, temperature, time and the initial FFA of the oil. The FFA itself acts as catalyst for further hydrolysis. Reactions of this type are called autocatalytic. Even 0.1% moisture can produce 1.6%FFA. Regards, FP (08.08.2010)
846	Good evening mr frank, i wanto go into palmoil distribution but my primblem is how to preseave it so that it does not get blocked befor i get to my suplayer.	Brendan Sampson
Dear Mr Sampson, Unfortunately you have not told me the name of your country, or how low the temperature can go, or the grade of oil you will be distributing, or the size of deliveries you will be making You say your problem will be in collecting the oil from your supplier. But normally the supplier delivers to the customer, so the problem will be his and he can deliver to you the same way he delivers to his other customers. Regards, FP (08.08.2010)
845	Hello, I wish to know can the parameters change of mix fatty acid ( Cotton/ corn/ sunflower)which are in flexitanks for more than a month. If yes which parameteres will be affected. And I also wish to know if water parameter can chnage to comparison to when it was shipped approx 1 and a half month ago. Await reply. Thanks.	Anuja Sharma
Dear Anuja Sharma, I suspect your material is really acid oil rather than fatty acid and if you are a technologist working in the industry you should use accurate terminology. In regard to your questions, the FFA and IV might go down a little depending on the quality of the material and the conditions of storage, about which you have not told me anything. The moisture will not change but it will concentrate near the bottom of the tank and it will be difficult to get a true sample. And I can assure you that poor samples cause more wrong results than anything else Regards, FP (05.08.2010)
844	Dear Mr. Frank, I am a Mexican student and I am currently doing research for my PhD, which is related to the recovery of nutrients from human excreta in Sub-Saharan countries. The objective of this study is to use the recovered nutrients to fertilise vegetable-oil crops and use the obtained oil for producing biodiesel. I am focusing my study in West-African countries (where I am now located), where oil palm is an abundant, and most of the time under-fertilised, oil-crop. In order to create the economic model of the project it is very important to know if the CPO can be employed to produce biodiesel, which is expected to be used in the local market (yearly temperatures: Min 22°C – Max 29°C). I am not an expert in palm oil nor in biodiesel production. My background is BSc. in Mechanical Engineering. Thank you very much for your kind help. F. Martinez	Francisco Martinez
Dear Mr Martinez, PO is perfectly suitable for biodiesel production for the warmer countries and large quantities are already made from it, especially in S.E.Asia. Use in Mexico would be no problem. But I do not think your project is based on economic realities. Why extract the plant nutrients from your raw material when you can compost it into manure and apply it directly on the fields? And why extract the oil from it and then make biodiesel, when you can dry it and burn it as it stands to get more energy at far lower cost? In the US they already do so with poultry manure. Regards, FP (05.08.2010)
843	When a buyer from Iran or buyer from Britian or globally wants to buy edible palm oil, in bulk what are all the commercial specks he is looks for? Thank you.	salma ali
Dear M/s Ali, All PO is edible and CPO is what is consumed directly in most African countries. Malaysia/ Indonesia export very large quantities of RBDPO with specification values for FFA, IV, SMP and Colour for loading quality and this is the grade consumed in most of Asia. But in Europe and USA the food industry (end users) impose additional specifications for PV and Taste/ Smell and they are for arrival quality. This requires re refining and additional costs. Iran imports very large and fast rising quantities of RBDPO from Malaysia/ Indonesia and I do not think they give it any extra processing. Regards, FP (03.08.2010)
842	Hello Sir, My name is Janell. I'm from NZ. I am a year 13 student at secondary school. Just a bit confused about this palm oil stuff. What does peat have to do with palm oil and global warnings. what is it about sustainable palm oil that makes it better.	Jinz
Hello Janell, It is very nice that a girl of your age is interested in some of the most important problems facing the world and asking such intelligent questions. The problem with peat is that it has very large quantities of carbon trapped in it. When it is drained, often burnt as well and used to grow palms, that Carbon forms carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the green house gases causing climate warming. which is then released to the atmosphere to do its damage. Sustainable palm oil comes from trees planted on ordinary agricultural land, not peat or jungle and processed in a responsible way, so as not to do unecesary damage to the environment The basic problem is that there are too many people on the Earth and if we carry on destroying our environment we are all doomed. In fact there are some very distinguished scientists, Nobel prize winners etc, who are saying we are already too late to save our selves. Best wishes, FP (02.08.2010)

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