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04.09.2010 06:00

Q&A

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Dear Friends, Here bellow you can ask your questions which will be answered briefly by our TECHNOLOGICAL consultant, Mr. Frank Pantzaris, a well known expert and consultant in tropical oils based in England.

You can ask ONLY TECHNOLOGICAL general questions that can be easy to answer (something like FAQ). Please do not ask questions about prices and companies. All questions pls send to info@palmoil.com with a mark "Q&A".

"I am taking this opportunity to request all people who ask me questions to help me, if possible, by telling me something about their background and country so that I might phrase my answers accordingly. For example, students, technologists and traders need a different kind of explanation. Regards, FP."

647	We want to produce soybean oil, lecitin and soy protein. Can we produse the lecitin with heating reactor and centrifuge? Which are the necessety apparatus for refining soybean oil and for obtaining lecitin? Can we use only tank reactor and centrifuge for refininf the oil? Please send me and the source where I can learn more.	Ventsislava Ivannova
Dear Ms Ivannova, Yes, it is possible to produce soya lecithin using just one reaction vessel and a centrifuge, the process is called degumming. The necessary plant is a cylindrical vessel with conical bottom, heating coil, provision for open steam input and a vertical stirrer. Then a centrifuge, a storage tank to receive the degummed oil and another one with conical or sloping bottom (preferably vertical cylindrical tank) and heating coil for the separated lecithin. Lecithin is very viscous. After degumming you can neutralise the oil using similar plant. But these are batch processes and unless your cvapacity is small, it would be better to install continuous processes, for which you better contact one of the experienced international designers/ installers. Regards FP (13.11.2009)
646	Dear Sir, I understand that a higher FFA content and PV value indicate rancidity. But may I know specifically at which level it is considered rancid?	Melissa
Dear Ms Melissa, It is more correct to say that the FFA is a measure of hydrolysis and the PV is a measure of oxidation that has taken place. Rancidity on the other hand is the unpleasant painty odour oils get after some oxidation. At that point oils will have higher PV values but the values will differ according to conditions and type of use. Thus fresh RBDPO from a refinery may be rejected at FFA 0.2% and PV 2 while CPO from a trader may be acceptable at FFA 5% and PV5. In brief, you should decide rancidity by smell and then produce the FFA and PV figures confirming that they are higher than the industry norm or use them guidancedane in the future. Regards, FP (12.11.2009)
645	I would like to know a few ways to increase the quality of fatty acids produced from palm kernel. In other words, to reduce the amount of impurities in it.	Toh Zhen Loong
Dear Mr Loong, In the oils and fats trade, impurities are called those tiny solid particles which are removed by filtration. If you produce FA by high pressure steam splitting, then any impurities in them can only have come from your feedstock. So either buy better feedstock or filter what you buy before splitting.it. Regards, FP (11.11.2009)
644	My name is Natasha Roy and I go to Farm Cove intermediate. At school we are looking back at all the topics we had learnt this year, we had to choose one of those topics that we really liked for an inquiry learning task. I chose tigers and i am wanting to know how it has affected the tiger. I have a question below and i wanted to know the answer, if you could answer the question below it would be very helpful. Can you tell me a bit about palm oil and how It has affected the tigers?	Natasha Roy
Dear Miss Roy, I have great sympathy with your cause but unfortunately I do not know anything in particular about the harm oil palm plantations have been doing to tigers. My involvement with plantations has been after the jungle had been cleared. To my knowledge tigers are mostly in the jungles of India a country producing very little PO. The animal most affected by PO has been the oragudang, but of course biodiversity is hugely damaged as millions of animals and thousands of species are wiped out. I suggest you contact the embassies of India, Malaysia, Indonesia and Brazil in your country, the director of the Malaysian PO Promotion Council Dr Yussof Basiron and especially the Friends of the Earth Organisation. Bear in mind that except for the last one, all the others have vested interests and will fiercely defend the actions of their industries and countries. Best luck and regards, FP (19.11.2009)
643	Is palm and coconut oil very lucrative? I hear that there is ever increasing demand for both. Is it very lucrative if we are mass producing it?	brandon smith
Dear Mr Smith, Yes, there seems to be an unending demand for vegetable oils and most businesses are lucrative if you run them well and quick ways to bankruptcy if you run them badly. Regards, FP (19.11.2009)
642	I have a friend who owns a palm and coconut oil farm? How can we find buyers of this product and how do we get in touch with them?	brandon smith
Dear Mr Smith, A good way to find buyers would be to put an advertisement here, which will be seen by thousands of people interested in PO and tropical oils. Regards, FP (19.11.2009)
641	I want to produce bio-diesel from palmolein oil. to use palmolein oil as bio-diesel in vehicles the inflammability of palmolein oil is to be increased equal to that of petrol. so please give your guidance and send me information about how to increase the combustion and inflammability of palmolein oil at minimum possible cost and procedure.	Ramkumar gunturi
Dear Mr Ramkumar, It is still unclear to me what it is you want to do. If you want to produce biodiesel (ie methyl ester) from palm olein you have to employ the standard chemical process called esterification. If you want to use use the palm olein itself instead of biodiesel you just mix it with standard diesel fuel and the greater the proportion of this is in the the mixture the greater its flammability will be. However this is against the engine manufacturers advice and they know what they are talking about.You cannot make the flammability of olein equal to that of petrol and petrol is not used in diesel engines. Regards, FP (08.11.2009)
640	How crystallization time and temp varies with the melting point of palm oil. what are the best crystallization & membrane filtration parameter to yeild a oelin IV-58 & stearin IV-32. how can crystallization start & end temperature predicted from melting point of palm oil.	som
Dear Mr Som, Your question is too technical, too specialised and needs a complicated answer. I can only deal with it on a private consultation basis. Regards, FP (18.11.2009)
639	I want to know forward price information for next month. I am from bangladesh and a small business man.	Saha
Dear Mr Saha, I regret your question is entirely unacceptable. Please do us the courtesy of reading the top of this page. Regards, FP (18.11.2009)
638	hi, Am working in food indstry which deals with the frying of product. here it causes the increase of Free Fatty acid of oil and hence i want to know is there any method to control the FFA of oil?	Kushal
Dear Mr Kushal, The rise in FFA of oils in frying is due to their deterioration under the harsh conditions involved and is unavoidable. Oils of better quality will perform better and so try other suppliers. You can reduce it by minimising the causes of it, such as temperature, moisture, access of oxygen etc... But eventually you must change the oil. Regards, FP (18.11.2009)
637	Can i know what is the density difference between methyl ester and RBDPS?	Rachel Yui
Dear Ms Yui, Density values of different liquids are difficult to compare because they are often measured at different temperatures. For example the density of PBDPS is usual stated at 60C while that of palm methyl ester is stated at 20C. But I have done some calculations and estimate that at 60C the ester will be lower by 0.03 kg/litre. Regards, FP (06.11.2009)
636	Dear sir, I was very much interested to know about how to increase the combustion and inflammability in palmolein oil. Please send the information to my e-mail. thanks for your help.	g.ramkumar
Dear Mr Ramkumar, You can increase the rate of combustion and flammability of palm olein by atomising it with air or even better with Oxygen. It depends on what you are trying to do. Regards, FP (06.11.2009)
635	What parameter required to get good quality of PDAF (ffa>95%).	Manish Shukla
Dear Mr Shukla, You can never be 100% sure of quality because any thing can be wrong and you cannot apply every possible test. The best policy is to insist on PORAM specifications, buy from a reputable supplier and test what you are receiving,even if only with your eyes, nose and mouth. (06.11.2009)
634	HELLO MR. PANZARIS. YOU REMENBER ME, I ´M MR ALERM FROM BARCELONA I SAFIC-ALCAN NAW EDF MAN SPAIN. I NEED YOUR HELP. MY CUSTOMER ASK ME IF EXIST PALM OIL GREEN (BIO-LOGICAL PRODUCTION). THANKS IN ADVANCED. I HOPE YOU ARE OK. BEST REGARDS /JOSEP ALERM	JOSEP ALERM (EDFMAN -SAFICALCAN)
Dear Mr Alerm, I am absolutely delighted to hear from you after all these years. Please keep in touch, my private email address is at the top of this page. The palm oil you are referring to is called sustainable PO and should carry a certificate. There are now several Malaysian companies offering it. I think the EU is on course to banning the non-sustainable grade. Best regards, FP (06.11.2009)
633	Dear Mr Pantzaris, i intend to go into the palm oil business in Cambodia. Is it possible to start with purchasing BRDPO in bulk and re-pack them into PET bottle directly for the consumer market? Kindly advise? Best regards.	Heng
Dear Mr Heng, Yes, what you are planning is perfectly possible except that RBDPO will be very thick and not very appealing looking even at your tropical temperatures. Try a small quantity first and see if it would be saleable. It may be better to pack it in small buckets. Palm olein and super olein would be a better choice for PET bottles. I wish you all the best in your venture. Regards, FP (06.11.2009)
632	Dear Mr Frank Pantzaris, Thank you so much for your soon answer my question (ID 625). Your answer is very useful for my work. I intend to blend Palm Oil with Soybean Oil with various portions (for example: from "100% PO: 0%SBO" to "0% PO: 100% SBO, (PO IV=60)) in order to evaluate "the relationship between SAFA content and a group of following parameters including: Clouding point, Melting point, Solid fat content". I have just bought 2 articles from "Science direct": "Resistance to Crystallization of Blends of Palm Olein with Soybean Oil Stored at Various Temperatures" researched by I. NorAini*, H. Hanirah and "Clarity and chemical composition of palm Olein-Safflower Oil Blends" published also by I. NorAini, H. Hanirah. However, these documents have not clearly show the relation beetween SAFA content of palm blending soybean oil with Clouding point, melting point or Solid fat content. Therefore, I will be really happy and lucky if you have any research articles, projects or documents which deeply relate to my issue. If you possess this kind of documents, could i buy its from you? I'm looking for hearing your answer at the earliest time if possible.	VU TRUONG SON
Dear Mr Son, There is a great need for the kind of work you are planning and I am sorry I do not know of any publications on it. MPOB did publish some cloud point results on blends of palm olein with seed oils many years ago but they were very sketchy and nothing on PO. You may like to contact their director of chemistry and ask him. Incidentally, please note that your oil with IV 60 must be palm olein (POo), not PO. Regards, FP (27.10.2009)
631	Mr. Frank, referring to my question 619 the HFC134a Extraction is using (1,1,1,2 – tetrafluoroethane) as the extraction solvent. Is this solvent highly toxic to animals and as such, not acceptable in law for contact with food in any developed country. Please advice.	Rayudin Kamarudin
Dear Mr Kamarudin, I am not a toxicologist but my guess is yes. and I would not dream of using it without a certificate from FDA, and perhaps even then. I also think its production should be banned because of its alleged destruction of the ozone layer. And you have said nothing about its cost compared to hexane, the customary solvent. Regards, FP (06.11.2009)
630	It will be much appreciated if you could advise whether for the carriage of Palm oil by a chemical vessel the cargo need to be heated and if affirmative in how many degrees Celsius.	Capt Nikos D.Papamichalis
Dear Mr Papamichalis, Best practice requires that PO be loaded and unloaded at 50 - 55 C and carried during voyage at 32 - 40C For palm olein and stearin the temperatures are different. Have a nice voyage. Regards, FP (04.11.2009)
629	Why do we need to measure the Solid Fat Content in fat composition? How important is this measurement? How to judge the quality of the fat composition through melting curve?	Omar
Dear Mr Omar, The MP only tells you that a sample of fat has near zero solids at a particular temperature, which is also much higher than that at which fats are normally used. It is also a very inaccurate test. The SFC test tell you how much solid there is at any number of preselected temperatures you want and it is also much more accurate. For example it can predict how spreadable a sample of margarine will be or how easily a shortening will be to mix, which the MP cannot tell you. The inaccuracy of the MP is causing most of the problems between buyers and their suppliers. Regards, FP (04.11.2009)
627	I have one sample of CPO which is been contaminated with other cargo which might be PFAD. I can analyse FFA of original sample & contaminated cargo & from difference in FFA it can be observed that it is contaminated but my question is how can I confirm that the contamination is of PFAD in CPO?	Chetan Shiyalwala
(01.01.1970)

Question numbers

691-672

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